Which disorder was previously referred to as multiple personality disorder?

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is the current term for what was previously referred to as multiple personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession, which can disrupt a person's sense of identity. Individuals with DID may exhibit different behaviors, thoughts, and emotions associated with each personality state, often resulting from unresolved trauma or stress.

The understanding and classification of this disorder have evolved significantly over time, leading to the change in terminology from multiple personality disorder to dissociative identity disorder in the DSM-5. This shift reflects a greater awareness of the complexities of the condition and the need to recognize it as a dissociative disorder rather than purely a personality disturbance.

The other disorders mentioned—dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and depersonalization disorder—are related to dissociation but do not involve the presence of multiple distinct identities and, therefore, do not fit the description associated with the previous term "multiple personality disorder."