What is the most appropriate medication for treating mania?

Lithium is considered the most appropriate medication for treating mania, particularly in the context of bipolar disorder. It has a long history of use and is specifically indicated for the acute treatment of manic episodes as well as for long-term mood stabilization. Lithium works by affecting neurotransmitter systems in the brain, particularly by modulating glutamate and enhancing the effects of serotonin, which helps to stabilize mood and reduce the intensity of manic symptoms.

In addition to its efficacy in treating acute mania, lithium is also beneficial in preventing future manic and depressive episodes, making it a cornerstone in the management of bipolar disorder. Regular monitoring of blood levels is necessary because lithium can have side effects and potential toxicity if levels become too high.

While antipsychotics can be useful in managing some symptoms of mania and may be used alongside lithium, they are not first-line treatments for mania. Antidepressants are typically not used alone in treating mania as they can sometimes exacerbate manic symptoms. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered in severe cases or when medications are not effective, but it is not the first-line treatment for mania.