What is a common risk factor for developing major depressive disorder?

Recent stressful life events are a well-documented risk factor for developing major depressive disorder. Stressful life events can trigger or exacerbate depressive symptoms, as these experiences often disrupt an individual’s sense of stability, control, and emotional well-being. Examples of such events include the loss of a loved one, job loss, divorce, or financial difficulties. These stressors can lead to feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness, which are central to the experience of major depression.

In contrast, the other options do not share the same level of association with the onset of major depressive disorder. High intelligence is not necessarily linked to depression; in fact, individuals with high intelligence may exhibit resilience through coping strategies. Limited social interactions can contribute to loneliness and isolation, but such factors often lead to depression in already vulnerable individuals rather than being standalone risk factors. High physical activity levels tend to have a protective effect against depression due to their association with improved mood and overall mental health.